Vulnerability

Multiple Vulnerabilities in Apple Products

July 30, 2025

Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Apple products, the most severe of which could allow for arbitrary code execution. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution in the context of the logged on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

THREAT INTELLEGENCE:

There are currently no reports of these vulnerabilities being exploited in the wild.

SYSTEMS AFFECTED:

Versions prior to iOS 18.6 and iPadOS 18.6
Versions prior to iPadOS 17.7.9
Versions prior to macOS Sequoia 15.6
Versions prior to macOS Sonoma 14.7.7
Versions prior to macOS Ventura 13.7.7
Versions prior to watchOS 11.6
Versions prior to tvOS 18.6
Versions prior to visionOS 2.6

RISK:
Government:

Large and medium government entities: High
Small government entities: Medium

Businesses:

Large and medium business entities: High
Small business entities: Medium

Home users: Low

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:
Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Apple products, the most severe of which could allow for arbitrary code execution. Details of the vulnerabilities are as follows:

Tactic: Execution (TA0002):

Technique: Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203):

Running an hdiutil command may unexpectedly execute arbitrary code. (CVE-2025-43187)
An app may be able to execute arbitrary code out of its sandbox or with certain elevated privileges. (CVE-2025-24119)

Additional lower severity vulnerabilities include:

Passcode may be read aloud by VoiceOver. (CVE-2025-31229)
Privacy Indicators for microphone or camera access may not be correctly displayed. (CVE-2025-43217)
Parsing a file may lead to an unexpected app termination. (CVE-2025-43186)
A non-privileged user may be able to modify restricted network settings. (CVE-2025-43223)
Processing a maliciously crafted audio file may lead to memory corruption. (CVE-2025-43277)
Processing a maliciously crafted media file may lead to unexpected app termination or corrupt process memory. (CVE-2025-43210, CVE-2025-43224, CVE-2025-43221)
An app may be able to access user-sensitive data. (CVE-2025-43230)
Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected Safari crash. (CVE-2025-43209, CVE-2025-43214, CVE-2025-43213, CVE-2025-43212, CVE-2025-43216, CVE-2025-6558, CVE-2025-24188)
Processing a maliciously crafted image may result in disclosure of process memory. (CVE-2025-43226, CVE-2025-43215)
Processing a file may lead to memory corruption. (CVE-2025-43202, CVE-2025-7425)
Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption. (CVE-2025-7424, CVE-2025-31278, CVE-2025-31277, CVE-2025-31273)
Remote content may be loaded even when the 'Load Remote Images' setting is turned off. (CVE-2025-31276)
Processing a maliciously crafted texture may lead to unexpected app termination. (CVE-2025-43234)
Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to unexpected app termination. (CVE-2025-31281, CVE-2025-43254, CVE-2025-43239)
Visiting a malicious website may lead to address bar spoofing. (CVE-2025-43228)
Processing maliciously crafted web content may disclose sensitive user information. (CVE-2025-43227)
Processing web content may lead to a denial-of-service. (CVE-2025-43211)
Processing maliciously crafted web content may disclose internal states of the app. (CVE-2025-43265)
An attacker may be able to cause unexpected app termination. (CVE-2025-43222, CVE-2025-43236)
An app may be able to access protected user data. (CVE-2025-43220, CVE-2025-43245, CVE-2025-43198, CVE-2025-43206, CVE-2025-43185)
An app may be able to fingerprint the user. (CVE-2025-31279)
A remote attacker may be able to cause unexpected system termination. (CVE-2025-24224)
An app may be able to access sensitive user data. (CVE-2025-43225, CVE-2025-43195, CVE-2025-43267, CVE-2025-43197, CVE-2025-43246)
An app may be able to read a persistent device identifier. (CVE-2025-24220)
An app may be able to cause a denial-of-service. (CVE-2025-43191, CVE-2025-43235, CVE-2025-43193)
An app may be able to cause unexpected system termination. (CVE-2025-43244, CVE-2025-43255, CVE-2025-43237, CVE-2025-43238)
An app may be able to gain root privileges. (CVE-2025-31243, CVE-2025-43249, CVE-2025-43196, CVE-2025-43256)
A malicious app may be able to launch arbitrary binaries on a trusted device. (CVE-2025-43253)
A malicious app may be able to gain root privileges. (CVE-2025-43248, CVE-2025-43199, CVE-2025-43188, CVE-2025-43268)
An app may be able to break out of its sandbox. (CVE-2025-43257, CVE-2025-43261, CVE-2025-43275, CVE-2025-43266, CVE-2025-43250)
A sandboxed process may be able to circumvent sandbox restrictions. (CVE-2025-43273, CVE-2025-43274)
iCloud Private Relay may not activate when more than one user is logged in at the same time. (CVE-2025-43276)
Account-driven User Enrollment may still be possible with Lockdown Mode turned on. (CVE-2025-43192)
A sandboxed process may be able to launch any installed app. (CVE-2025-31275)
Processing a maliciously crafted image may corrupt process memory. (CVE-2025-43264, CVE-2025-43219)
Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to heap corruption. (CVE-2025-31280)
Processing a maliciously crafted USD file may disclose memory contents. (CVE-2025-43218)
An app may gain unauthorized access to Local Network. (CVE-2025-43270)
An app may be able to hijack entitlements granted to other privileged apps. (CVE-2025-43260)
A malicious app with root privileges may be able to modify the contents of system files. (CVE-2025-43247)
An app may be able to modify protected parts of the file system. (CVE-2025-43194, CVE-2025-43243)
An app may be able to bypass certain Privacy preferences. (CVE-2025-43232)
An app may be able to read files outside of its sandbox. (CVE-2025-43241)
A malicious app acting as a HTTPS proxy could get access to sensitive user data. (CVE-2025-43233)
A local attacker may gain access to Keychain items. (CVE-2025-43251)
A malicious app may be able to read kernel memory. (CVE-2025-43189)
Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to universal cross site scripting. (CVE-2025-43229)
A download's origin may be incorrectly associated. (CVE-2025-43240)
An attacker with physical access to a locked device may be able to view sensitive user information. (CVE-2025-43259)
A website may be able to access sensitive user data when resolving symlinks. (CVE-2025-43252)
A shortcut may be able to bypass sensitive Shortcuts app settings. (CVE-2025-43184)

Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution in the context of the logged on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

We recommend the following actions be taken:

Apply the stable channel update provided by Apple to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing. (M1051: Update Software)
- Safeguard 7.1 : Establish and Maintain a Vulnerability Management Process: Establish and maintain a documented vulnerability management process for enterprise assets. Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.

Safeguard 7.2 : Establish and Maintain a Remediation Process: Establish and maintain a risk-based remediation strategy documented in a remediation process, with monthly, or more frequent, reviews.

Safeguard 7.6 : Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-Exposed Enterprise Assets: Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.

Safeguard 7.7 : Remediate Detected Vulnerabilities: Remediate detected vulnerabilities in software through processes and tooling on a monthly, or more frequent, basis, based on the remediation process.

Safeguard 16.13 Conduct Application Penetration Testing: Conduct application penetration testing. For critical applications, authenticated penetration testing is better suited to finding business logic vulnerabilities than code scanning and automated security testing. Penetration testing relies on the skill of the tester to manually manipulate an application as an authenticated and unauthenticated user.

Safeguard 18.1 : Establish and Maintain a Penetration Testing Program: Establish and maintain a penetration testing program appropriate to the size, complexity, and maturity of the enterprise. Penetration testing program characteristics include scope, such as network, web application, Application Programming Interface (API), hosted services, and physical premise controls; frequency; limitations, such as acceptable hours, and excluded attack types; point of contact information; remediation, such as how findings will be routed internally; and retrospective requirements.

Safeguard 18.2 : Perform Periodic External Penetration Tests: Perform periodic external penetration tests based on program requirements, no less than annually. External penetration testing must include enterprise and environmental reconnaissance to detect exploitable information. Penetration testing requires specialized skills and experience and must be conducted through a qualified party. The testing may be clear box or opaque box.

Safeguard 18.3 : Remediate Penetration Test Findings: Remediate penetration test findings based on the enterprise’s policy for remediation scope and prioritization.

Apply the Principle of Least Privilege to all systems and services. Run all software as a non-privileged user (one without administrative privileges) to diminish the effects of a successful attack. (M1026: Privileged Account Management)
- Safeguard 4.7: Manage Default Accounts on Enterprise Assets and Software: Manage default accounts on enterprise assets and software, such as root, administrator, and other pre-configured vendor accounts. Example implementations can include: disabling default accounts or making them unusable.
- Safeguard 5.4: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts: Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user’s primary, non-privileged account.

Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc. (M1021: Restrict Web-Based Content)
- Safeguard 2.3: Address Unauthorized Software: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed from use on enterprise assets or receives a documented exception. Review monthly, or more frequently.
- Safeguard 2.7: Allowlist Authorized Scripts: Use technical controls, such as digital signatures and version control, to ensure that only authorized scripts, such as specific .ps1, .py, etc., files, are allowed to execute. Block unauthorized scripts from executing. Reassessbi-annually, or more frequently.
- Safeguard 9.3: Maintain and Enforce Network-Based URL Filters: Enforce and update network-based URL filters to limit an enterprise asset from connecting to potentially malicious or unapproved websites. Example implementations include category-based filtering, reputation-based filtering, or through the use of block lists. Enforce filters for all enterprise assets.
- Safeguard 9.6: Block Unnecessary File Types: Block unnecessary file types attempting to enter the enterprise’s email gateway.

Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring. (M1050: Exploit Protection)
- Safeguard 10.5: Enable Anti-Exploitation Features: Enable anti-exploitation features on enterprise assets and software, where possible, such as Microsoft® Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Windows® Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG), or Apple® System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Gatekeeper™.

Block execution of code on a system through application control, and/or script blocking. (M1038: Execution Prevention)
- Safeguard 2.5 : Allowlist Authorized Software: Use technical controls, such as application allowlisting, to ensure that only authorized software can execute or be accessed. Reassess bi-annually, or more frequently.
- Safeguard 2.6 : Allowlist Authorized Libraries: Use technical controls to ensure that only authorized software libraries, such as specific .dll, .ocx, .so, etc., files, are allowed to load into a system process. Block unauthorized libraries from loading into a system process. Reassess bi-annually, or more frequently.
- Safeguard 2.7 : Allowlist Authorized Scripts: Use technical controls, such as digital signatures and version control, to ensure that only authorized scripts, such as specific .ps1, .py, etc., files, are allowed to execute. Block unauthorized scripts from executing. Reassess bi-annually, or more frequently.

Use capabilities to prevent suspicious behavior patterns from occurring on endpoint systems. This could include suspicious process, file, API call, etc. behavior. (M1040: Behavior Prevention on Endpoint)
- Safeguard 13.2 : Deploy a Host-Based Intrusion Detection Solution: Deploy a host-based intrusion detection solution on enterprise assets, where appropriate and/or supported.
- Safeguard 13.7 : Deploy a Host-Based Intrusion Prevention Solution: Deploy a host-based intrusion prevention solution on enterprise assets, where appropriate and/or supported. Example implementations include use of an Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) client or host-based IPS agent.

REFERENCES:

Apple:

support.apple.com/en-us/100100
support.apple.com/en-us/124147
support.apple.com/en-us/124148
support.apple.com/en-us/124149
support.apple.com/en-us/124150
support.apple.com/en-us/124151
support.apple.com/en-us/124155
support.apple.com/en-us/124153
support.apple.com/en-us/124154
CVE:

cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-6558